WHAT İS DIABETES MELLITUS?
Dr. Rıdvan / June 9 2021
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that commonly seen among the people.It leads the blood sugar rising that called as hyperglycemia.The etiology of diabetes mellitus are genetic and enviromental factors.The cause decides the patient's proggress and the treatment choice which we will talk about later.
WHİCH TYPE OF DIABETES YOU HAVE
There are two main types of diabetes mellitus.They are called type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by autoimmunity(a disorder that body cell react against normal body components).In that type pancreas's beta cells take damage.Because beta cells produce insuline, type 1 diabetes mellitus reduces the insuline level and that causes hyperglycemia.On the otherhand type 2 diabetes mellitus characterizied by insuline resistance, impared insuline secretion and increased hepatic glucose secretion.
In both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus there is a progression by time.Althoug type 1 diabetes mellitus mostly seen in young ages, 5 to 10% of patients develop after age 30.And although type 2 diabetes mellitus mostly seen in old ages, today people is diagnosed more frequnetly in young ages, especially obese adolescents.
Gestational diabetes mellitus can be seen in pregnant woman.We can see it as type 2 DM in pregnancy.Because it is caused by insuline resistance.It means that pancreas produces insuline but body does not respond to it.Although it is transient, patients who have GDM can devoloped DM in next 10-20 years.The risk is estimated as 35-60%.So The American Diabetes Association(ADA) recomend them lifelong screening at least every 3 years.
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